This is clearly a massive topic, but I wanted to try and bring together some important concepts of medical education that I think are useful as both an educator and a learner. I've broken the area down into some rather broad domains but I have included some general links below which I think are very useful.
McKimm, J. Jollie, C. Facilitating learning; teaching and learning methods. 2007. London Deanery - A very useful overview of the common teaching methods. Available at: http://faculty.londondeanery.ac.uk/e-learning/small-group-teaching/Facilitating_learning_teaching_-_learning_methods.pdf
Hutchinson, L. Teaching and learning in the clinical context. 2007. London Deanery - A nice review of some important education theory. Available at: http://www.faculty.londondeanery.ac.uk/e-learning/assessing-educational-needs/Teaching_learning_in_clinical_context.pdf